Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) is a flow chart method for modelling the steps of a planned business process from beginning to end. It is a critical component of Business
A task is an atomic activity that is part of a process. When the work in the process is not broken down to a finer level of process detail, a
A sub-process is a group of activities that are performed as part of a larger process or choreography. It is compound in the sense that it can be broken down
The sub-process boundary is expanded, and the details (a process) are visible within it. It is important to note that sequence flows cannot cross the boundary of a sub-process.[1] Symbol
The diagram does not show the details of the sub-process. A “plus” sign in the shape’s lower-left corner indicates that the activity is a sub-process with a lower level of
A start event specifies where a process will begin. Start events can only react when a trigger is “caught.” Symbol 9). BPMN Method and Style: A levels-based methodology for BPM
An intermediate event is something that occurs between the beginning and end of a process. Triggers can be “caught” or “thrown” by intermediate events. [1] Symbol 1] Silver, B. (2009).
An end event denotes the point at which a process’s path will come to an end. End events can only result in a “throw” of a result.[1] Symbol 1] Silver,
A message is received from a participant, which initiates the process. The actual recipient of the message can be identified by connecting the event to a participant via a message
A message intermediate event can be used to both send and receive messages. When used to “catch” the message, the event marker must be left empty. If the process was
A message intermediate event can be used to both send and receive messages. The event marker must be filled when used to “throw” the message (see the upper figure on
At the end of the process, this type of end indicates that a message is sent to a participant.[1] Symbol N Method and Style: A levels-based methodology for BPM process
Paired link events can also be used as “off-page connectors” in order to print a process across multiple pages. Within the process level, they can also be used as generic
A gateway is a device that controls the divergence and convergence of sequence flows in a process or choreography. As a result, it will determine path branching, forking, merging, and
[XOR] When splitting, directs the sequence flow to one of the outgoing branches. When merging, it waits for one incoming branch to finish before starting the outgoing flow.[1] Symbol
[And] When used to split the sequence flow, all outgoing branches are activated at the same time. When parallel branches are merged, it waits for all incoming branches to complete
[Or] When a branch splits, one or more branches are activated. Before merging, all active incoming branches must be completed.[1] Symbol 1] Silver, B. (2009). BPMN Method and Style: A
A sequence flow is used to show the order in which activities in a process or choreography will be performed.[1] Symbol 1] Silver, B. (2009). BPMN Method and Style: A
A message flow depicts the exchange of messages between two participants who are ready to send and receive them. A message flow must connect two distinct pools. They are either
An association is used to link data and artefacts to flow objects. Non-flow objects, such as text and graphics, can be associated with flow objects and flow.[1] Symbol [1] Silver,
A data association is used to move data between data objects, properties, and activity and process inputs and outputs. The association connector style can be used to visually represent data
A pool is a graphical representation of a collaboration participant. A pool serves as a container for the sequence flows that occur between activities (of a contained process). The sequence
A lane is a sub-partition within a process (often within a pool) that runs the length of the process level, either vertically or horizontally. Lanes are frequently used for internal
Data objects provide information about the activities that must be performed and/or the results that they produce. Elements of data objects must be contained within process or sub-process elements. Data
Because a group is not an activity or a flow object, it cannot connect to sequence or message flows. Furthermore, groups are not constrained by pool and lane restrictions. [1]
Text annotations are a way for a modeller to provide additional information to a BPMN diagram reader. The text annotation object can be associated with a specific object on the