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Problem Solving Process
Understanding the Problem-Solving Process
Effective problem-solving is at the heart of success in any field. Drawing inspiration from the book “General Relativity for Babies” by Chris Ferrie, which simplifies complex topics into easy-to-understand concepts, I have created a straightforward guide to the problem-solving process.

information delivery milestone
scheduled event for a predefined information exchange [cited from ISO 19650-2:2018(en), 3.1.3.2] Milestones act as signposts through the course of a project. An information delivery milestone is a point in
Design-Bid-Build
A contract type There is a sequential award of two separate contracts; the first contract is for design services; the second contract is for construction; design and construction of the
Post-contract BEP
This PAS 1192 term has been superseded by ISO 19650 term Post-appointment BEP. It is a BIM Execution Plan (BEP) which shall be re-submitted by the Lead Appointed Party and
system of insight
A system of insights can helps your company make decisions, and it is designed to be part of business decision-making process. It involves gather data, use it, find relationships and
facility
physical structure (asset) or installation, including related site, works, serving one or more main purposeNOTE: Typically, a facility will require management over part or all of its life cycle. The
Status
Identifier indicating the characteristic of an element of information for which at all times a value can be established. Word status has been included in ISO 19650 Framework meant to
Project Information Requirements (PIR)
Project Information Requirements (PIR) its a BS EN ISO 19650 term introduced to replace the PAS 1192 term Plain language questions (PLQ) PLQ and PIR are both expressions of the

Navigating Construction Projects with Incomplete Building Services Design: Real-world Solutions Wanted 🛠️
Here is my list of reasons why so often we have incomplete Building Services Design before the project starts construction: Incomplete Building Services Design (BSD) before the commencement of construction
top management
person or group of people who directs and controls an organization at the highest level [cited from ISO 19650-5:2020(en), 3.14]
Tier 1
In the construction industry, Tier 1 is a Contractor referred in ISO 19650 as the Lead appointed party, who provide goods or services directly to the ultimate client. The Tier

LTF_Lighting-Fixture Circular
LTF_Lighting-Fixture_Luminaire-Circular vv22.1.1. Family For: Electrical Engineers, Bim Managers, Electrical Designers Setup: 10 – 30 minutes View Details ▼ Technical Details Released: Feb 9, 2025 Updated: Jul 5, 2025 Compatibility Notes:
workflow management system
Workflow management systems allow organisations to identify and control activities associated with a business process. Effective workflow management offers the opportunity to measure and analyse the execution of the processes
data aggregation
Data aggregation refers to a process that involves gathering information and expressing it in summary form for statistical analysis or other purposes. In many cases, data aggregation is exclusively done
workflow
The term ‘workflow’ is used in ISO 19650 instead of the PAS 1192 term ‘process’.
inertia
In the context of BIM and Digital Construction, the term is referred to as institutional and personal inertia to change, one of the most common barriers to BIM implementation.
Association
An association is used to link data and artefacts to flow objects. Non-flow objects, such as text and graphics, can be associated with flow objects and flow.[1] Symbol [1] Silver,
replacement request
A replacement request corresponds to the creation of the property and the deactivation of the property it replaces. After validation of the replacement request by the experts, the replaced property
Ze
That part of the earth fault loop impedance which is external to the circuit under consideration. For the supply cable it will be the impedance external to the installation. For
Text Annotation
Text annotations are a way for a modeller to provide additional information to a BPMN diagram reader. The text annotation object can be associated with a specific object on the
secondary power supply (SPS)
alternative or supplementary electrical energy sources has become more viable, typical secondary power supply (SPS) Photovoltaic (PV) power Wind turbine power standby generator
component
named and individually scheduled physical item and feature that might require management, such as inspection, maintenance, servicing or replacement, during the in-use phaseNote 1 to entry: Components can serve as

Psychological attributes of collaborative working
The psychology of workplace collaboration can be traced back to the everyday interactions that occur in any organization. In the fast-evolving business world, there is a rising need to move
BS EN ISO 16739-1:2020
Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction and facility management industries Part 1: Data schema
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is used to maintain the supply to an essential service duringmains supply outages. On loss ofmains supply,a storage device in the UPS (battery) continues to

Digital Handover, O&M Records, and ISO 19650 Compliance
Here is a review and summary of digital handover requirements, O&M record management, and ISO 19650 application as outlined in CIBSE Guide M8 (2023) and Regulation 38, with new recommendations
The Gemini Principles
Purpose: Must have clear purpose Public good Must be used to deliver genuine public benefit in perpetuity Value creation Must enable value creation and performance improvement Insight Must provide determinable
UK BIM Framework
The UK BIM Framework was developed by the UK BIM Alliance, BSI, and the Centre for Digital Built Britain associated with the Construction Industry Council (CIC) to implement international BIM
Dimensionality
A dimension of space, such as width, height, or length. can be zero-dimensional (location point), one-dimensional (e.g. line, curve, path), two-dimensional (e.g. surface, face), or three-dimensional (e.g. surface, face) (e.g.
risk register
means a risk register containing the risks associated with the timely delivery of information as may be identified in the Information Particulars and/or provided in accordance with the Information Standard.
Certification
Assurance given by an independent certification body (ISO does not perform certification) that a product, service or system meets the requirements of a standard. https://www.iso.org/glossary.html

Cable Ladder vs Perforated Cable Tray Selection Guide
Cable Ladder vs Perforated Cable Tray – Selection Guide (UK, 2025) Scope & references BS 7671:2018+A2:2022 and A3:2024 (selection & erection; installation reference methods; grouping). IET On‑Site Guide to BS
interaction framework schema
a formal description of the rules with which an interaction framework must comply[1] 1 Online Browsing Platform (OBP) [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#search (accessed 4.10.21).
End Event (Message)
At the end of the process, this type of end indicates that a message is sent to a participant.[1] Symbol N Method and Style: A levels-based methodology for BPM process
Quantity Surveyor (QS)
person who provides financial and contractual advice and services for planning, carrying out and completion (3.5.23) of construction works https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:6707:-2:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.8.25
Appointor
UK BIM Alliance responding to the inconsistency between current guidance of CIC BIM Protocol, Second Edition 2018 and ISO 19650 Framework published updated Information protocol to support BS EN
specialization relation
relation between kinds of things that relates two concepts whereby the subtype concept is a more specific concept than the supertype concept and has all the aspects that define the
rationalise
In construction, to rationalise is to attempt to remove, explain or justify irrational quantities, processes or systems or else adjust unreasonable design decisions by employing logic or reason, (behaviour, attitude),
BS ISO 22263:2008
Organization of information about construction works Framework for management of project information
Appointment
Equivalent to PAS1192 term ‘Contract’ The more generic term appointment has been used in ISO 19650 instead of contract. This means one term can be used for both external contracts
BS EN ISO 19650-2:2018
Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works, including building information modelling (BIM) — Information management using building information modelling Part 2: Delivery phase of the assets

metadata
ELI5-S1: BIM Basics E6: Metadata explained Understanding Metadata in Building Information Modeling (BIM) Metadata provides critical information about an item’s content, making it easier to locate and work with specific

Wiring in Protected Escape Route
Compliance with fire safety regulations in Firefighting Cores directly affects life safety and emergency response. This guide will help you meet the latest fire performance standards.

Please can you confirm if the life system system has to be lidded?
Please can you confirm if the life system system has to be lidded? There is no requirement for the life system to be lidded. A lid is effectively required
Infrastructure
the structures that emphasize, organise and enable social functions. Individual units of infrastructure are known as assets. It is sometimes subcategorised into economic infrastructure, the networks of built assets that
Waste
The opposite of value. There are eight basic types of waste: motion waiting transportation of goods over-processing under utilization overproduction inventory defects [1] [1] The Massachusetts Port Authority, 2015. BIM
BS EN ISO 14004:2016
Environmental management systems General guidelines on implementation
UML diagram
provides the data structure for data templates using objects, collections and relationships between them. The multiplicities in the UML diagram specify the range of allowablecardinality values, giving a specification of
vulnerability
weakness that can be exploited to cause harm [cited from ISO 19650-5:2020(en), 3.15]
