Computer science and IT
In the fields of computer science and information technology, a federated information model refers to a structure where data is stored across multiple independent systems but can be accessed and queried as if it were in a single database.
Each system retains its autonomy and control over its data, but it cooperates to present a unified view to users. This concept is used in various applications, such as federated databases, federated learning, and enterprise information systems.
Characteristics:
- Autonomy: Each participating system maintains its own data and control.
- Heterogeneity: Systems may be different in terms of data formats, structures, and technologies.
- Integration: Data is integrated virtually rather than physically, meaning data stays where it is but is accessible as if it were centralised.
- Use Cases: Common in distributed databases, cloud services, and federated learning.
BIM
In BIM, a federated information model refers to the process of combining multiple models from different disciplines (e.g., architectural, structural, mechanical, and electrical) into a single, unified model without merging them into a single file. Each discipline’s model remains separate but is coordinated to work together.
Characteristics:
- Autonomy: Each discipline or stakeholder maintains its own model and control until the models are published to the Appointing Party CDE.
- Discipline-Specific Models: Models are created separately for architecture, structure, HVAC, etc.
- Coordination: Models are linked or referenced together to provide a comprehensive view of the project, allowing for clash detection, coordination, and integrated project delivery.
- Use Cases: Used in large construction projects to ensure all disciplines are working from the most current information and to identify potential conflicts.
ELI5-S1 BIM Basics E15: Federated Information Model
UK BIM Framework
UK BIM Framework defines the federated information model as an information model consisting of connected but distinct individual Information Models. [1]
A model is federated when two or more of the discipline models are electronically shared into the architectural model in order to:
- show context; supporting documentation and views of the design intent
- perform analyses;
- provide other visual comparisons; and
- to verify proper integration and coordination of its subsystems with each other.
A federated model is a model management technique that enables limited computing resources to cope with the increasing complexity, fine levels of detail, and higher Levels of Development needed to represent the built environment. When reviewed and clash detection is performed, then the model is the basis of the Design or Design Intent model and construction documentation is derived from this federated model. [2]
[1] UK BIM Framework, 2020. Information protocol to support BS EN ISO 19650-2 the delivery phase of assets.
[2] The Massachusetts Port Authority, 2015. BIM Guidelines for Vertical and Horizontal Construction.